Basic knowledge of stage lighting technology and industry development

Since the advent of the stage, stage lighting has become an integral part of the stage. Stage lighting emphasizes four key elements: vision, reality, aesthetics and expressiveness. It has evolved over many years. Gradually developed into a relatively complete and advanced lighting system. The first flourishing period of theater appeared in ancient Greece more than two thousand years ago. At the time, theaters were all open or semi-open air. The lighting of the stage depends on the huge "light" in the sky-the sun, so it can only be performed during the day. The need for night rest and recreation, the vulnerability of outdoor performances to the weather, and the development of theater made stage lighting a problem that people had to solve.

The proper treatment of stage lighting marks the success of the performance lighting design. Stage lighting should not only illuminate the actors, let the audience clearly see their facial expressions, expressions and movements, but more importantly, make full use of lighting technology, mobilize lighting operations and other means to enhance the artistic effect, so that the audience is immersive.

Stage lighting is mainly produced by the combination of computer lights and other lighting equipment. It is a combination of different shapes of scenes, different color changes, different viewing angles, horizontal and vertical light angles, and speed, strobe, aperture size and focal length changes. Therefore, before understanding the stage lighting technology, it is necessary to master the following basic knowledge:

1. Visible light

Light is radiated energy that propagates through electricity in the form of electromagnetic waves. The wavelength range of electromagnetic radiation is very wide, and only radiation with a wavelength between 380-760nm can cause optical vision, that is, visible light. Light with a wavelength of less than 380nm is ultraviolet, X-ray gamma radiation; light with a wavelength of more than 760nm is infrared, radio waves, etc. They cannot produce vision to the human eye, that is, they cannot see. Therefore, light is an objective energy of existence, which is closely related to the subjective feelings of human beings.

2. Color classification

Colors can be divided into two categories: achromatic and chromatic. Non-color refers to white, light gray, gray to dark gray, and even black series, called white-black series. Pure white is an ideal object with total light reflection, with a reflectivity of 1; pure black is an ideal non-reflective object with a reflectivity of 0. Thus, the white-black series of achromatic colors represents a change in the reflectance of the object to light. We know that the reflectivity of light is proportional to brightness, and indoor white walls and ceilings can achieve higher brightness. Color refers to the various colors outside the white and black series. Color has three characteristics: hue, brightness and saturation, which are called the three elements of color.

Hue indicates the rendered color. It refers to the names of various colors, such as red, green, blue, etc. It is related to the wavelength of light. Brightness (Brightness) refers to the brightness of a color. The brightness of different color tones is different, even if the same color tone is affected by the surface characteristics of the object and the light intensity, it will produce differences in brightness and depth. If it is also yellow, it can be light yellow, medium yellow, dark yellow, etc.

Saturation (chroma) represents the depth (intensity) of a color, which can also be said to be the purity and brightness of a color. The higher the saturation, the darker (thicker) the color, and the various monochromatic lights in visible light are the most saturated colors. The more white light is added to the color of the spectrum, the lower its saturation. For example, red light has a higher saturation than pink light because white light is incorporated into pink light. In general, in the same hue, when the brightness changes, the saturation also changes. However, an increase or decrease in brightness results in a decrease in saturation. Saturation (purity) is maximized only when the brightness is moderate. However, in the impression, people always feel that the higher the brightness of the color looks brighter.

3. Three primary colors and color matching methods

Red, green and blue are called the three primary colors. These three colors can be mixed in different proportions to produce different colors. There are two basic methods of color mixing: additive mixing and subtractive mixing.

So-called additive color mixing is a method of mixing different colors of light together and adding their parts in the spectrum to produce a new mixed color. Shows the chromaticity relationship of light and color mixing. When the red, green, and blue primary colors are mixed in equal amounts, you can get